Writing an essay proposal
Help Me Write A Paper
Wednesday, September 2, 2020
History of Worldcup Free Essays
string(104) Europe for the 1934 and 1938 competitions, with Brazil the main South American group to contend in both. Presentation The FIFA World Cup, frequently just the World Cup, is a worldwide affiliation football rivalry challenged by the senior menââ¬â¢s national groups of the individuals from Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sportââ¬â¢s worldwide administering body. The title has been granted at regular intervals since the debut competition in 1930, with the exception of in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held due to the Second World War. The current heroes are Spain, who won the 2010 competition. We will compose a custom paper test on History of Worldcup or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The current configuration of the competition includes 32 groups vieing for the title at settings inside the host nation(s) over a time of about a month; this stage is frequently called the World Cup Finals. A capability stage, which as of now happens over the first three years, is utilized to figure out which groups fit the bill for the competition along with the host nation(s). The 19 World Cup competitions have been won by eight diverse national groups. Brazil have won multiple times, and they are the main group to have played in each competition. The other World Cup champs are Italy, with four titles; Germany, with three titles; Argentina and debut victors Uruguay, with two titles each; and England, France, and Spain, with one title each. The World Cup is the worldââ¬â¢s most broadly seen game; an expected 715. 1 million individuals viewed the last match of the 2006 FIFA World Cup held in Germany. The following three World Cups will be facilitated by Brazil in 2014, Russia in 2018, and Qatar in 2022. HISTORY DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD CUP | The worldââ¬â¢s first global football coordinate was a test coordinate played in Glasgow in 1872 among Scotland and England, which finished in a 0ââ¬0 draw. The principal universal competition, the debut release of the British Home Championship, occurred in 1884. As football developed in prominence in different pieces of the world at the turn of the twentieth century, it was held as an exhibition sport without any decorations granted at the 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympics (in any case, the IOC has retroactively overhauled their status to legitimate occasions), and at the 1906 Intercalated Games. After FIFA was established in 1904, it attempted to orchestrate a worldwide football competition between countries outside the Olympic system in Switzerland in 1906. These were early days for worldwide football, and the official history of FIFA portrays the opposition as having been a disappointment. At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, football turned into an official rivalry. Arranged by The Football Association (FA), Englandââ¬â¢s football overseeing body, the occasion was for novice players just and was viewed dubiously as a show as opposed to an opposition. Incredible Britain (spoke to by the England national novice football crew) won the gold decorations. They rehashed the accomplishment in 1912 in Stockholm. With the Olympic occasion proceeding to be challenged uniquely between novice groups, Sir Thomas Lipton composed the Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy competition in Turin in 1909. The Lipton competition was a title between singular clubs (not national groups) from various countries, every last one of which spoke to a whole country. The opposition is here and there depicted as The First World Cup, and included the most esteemed proficient club sides from Italy, Germany and Switzerland, yet the FA of England would not be related with the opposition and declined the proposal to send an expert group. In 1914, FIFA consented to perceive the Olympic competition as a ââ¬Å"world football title for amateursâ⬠, and assumed liability for dealing with the occasion. This made ready for the worldââ¬â¢s first intercontinental football rivalry, at the 1920 Summer Olympics, challenged by Egypt and thirteen European groups, and won by Belgium. 8] Uruguay won the following two Olympic football competitions in 1924 and 1928. Those were likewise the initial two open big showdowns, as 1924 was the beginning of FIFAââ¬â¢s proficient BEGINNING OF WORLD CUP Due to the achievement of the Olympic football competitions, FIFA, with President Jules Rimet the main thrust, again began taking a gander at organizing its own global competition outside of the Olympics. On 28 May 1928, the FIFA Congress in Amsterdam chose to organize a big showdown itself. 9] With Uruguay now double cross authority football title holders and to commend their century of autonomy in 1930, FIFA named Uruguay as the host nation of the debut World Cup competition. The national relationship of chose countries were welcome to send a group, yet the decision of Uruguay as a setting for the opposition implied a long and exorbitant excursion over the Atlantic Ocean for European sides. To be sure, no European nation vowed to send a group until two months before the beginning of the opposition. Rimet in the long run convinced groups from Belgium, France, Romania, and Yugoslavia to make the excursion. In complete thirteen countries participated: seven from South America, four from Europe and two from North America. The initial two World Cup matches occurred all the while on 13 July 1930, and were won by France and USA, who crushed Mexico 4ââ¬1 and Belgium 3ââ¬0 individually. The main objective in World Cup history was scored by Lucien Laurent of France. In the last, Uruguay vanquished Argentina 4ââ¬2 before a horde of 93,000 individuals in Montevideo, and in doing so turned into the primary country to win the World Cup. [11] World Cups before SECOND WORLD WAR After the formation of the World Cup, the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, didn't plan to incorporate football as a major aspect of the calendar because of the low fame of the game in the United States, as American football had been developing in prominence. FIFA and the IOC additionally differ over the status of novice players, thus football was dropped from the Games. Olympic football returned at the 1936 Summer Olympics, yet was currently eclipsed by the more lofty World Cup. The issues confronting the early World Cup competitions were the troubles of intercontinental travel, and war. Barely any South American groups were eager to make a trip to Europe for the 1934 and 1938 competitions, with Brazil the main South American group to contend in both. You read History of Worldcup in class Article models The 1942 and 1946 rivalries, which Nazi Germany and Brazil looked to have, were dropped because of World War II and its fallout. World Cups after SECOND WORLD WAR The 1950 World Cup, held in Brazil, was the first to incorporate British members. English groups pulled back from FIFA in 1920, incompletely out of reluctance to play against the nations they had been at war with, and mostly as a dissent against outside effect on football, however rejoined in 1946 after FIFAââ¬â¢s greeting. The competition additionally observed the arrival of 1930 bosses Uruguay, who had boycotted the past two World Cups. Uruguay won the competition again in the wake of vanquishing the host country Brazil, in the match called ââ¬Å"Maracanazoâ⬠(Portuguese: Maracanaco). In the competitions somewhere in the range of 1934 and 1978, 16 groups contended in every competition, aside from in 1938, when Austria was consumed into Germany subsequent to qualifying, leaving the competition with 15 groups, and in 1950, when India, Scotland and Turkey pulled back, leaving the competition with 13 groups. 16] Most of the taking an interest countries were from Europe and South America, with a little minority from North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. These groups were typically vanquished effectively by the European and South American groups. Until 1982, the main groups from outside Europe and South America to progress out of the first round were: USA, semi-finalists in 1930; Cuba, quarter-fina lists in 1938; Korea DPR, quarter-finalists in 1966; and Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1970. The competition was extended to 24 groups in 1982,[17] and afterward to 32 in 1998,[18] additionally permitting more groups from Africa, Asia and North America to partake. From that point forward, groups from these locales have delighted in more achievement, with a few having arrived at the quarter-finals: Mexico, quarter-finalists in 1986; Cameroon, quarter-finalists in 1990; Korea Republic, completing in fourth spot in 2002; Senegal, alongside USA, both quarter-finalists in 2002; and Ghana as quarter-finalists in 2010. By the by, European and South American groups keep on commanding, e. g. , the quarter-finalists in 1994, 1998 and 2006 were all from Europe or South America. 200 groups entered the 2002 FIFA World Cup capability adjusts; 198 countries endeavored to fit the bill for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, while a record 204 nations entered capability for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. [19] THE AWARDS AND TROPHY From 1930 to 1970, the Jules Rimet Trophy was granted to the World Cup champ. It was initially basically known as the World Cup or Coupe du Monde, however in 1946 it was renamed after the FIFA president Jules Rimet who set up the primary competition. In 1970, Brazilââ¬â¢s third triumph in the competition qualified them for keep the trophy for all time. Be that as it may, the trophy was taken in 1983, and has never been recouped, obviously liquefied somewhere around the criminals. [23] After 1970, another trophy, known as the FIFA World Cup Trophy, was planned. The specialists of FIFA, originating from seven unique nations, assessed the 53 introduced models, at last selecting crafted by the Italian creator Silvio Gazzaniga. The new trophy is 36 cm (14. 2 in) high, made of strong 18 carat (75%) gold and gauges 6. 175 kg (13. 6 lb). The base contains two layers of semi-valuable malachite while the base side of the trophy bears the engraved year and name of each FIFA World Cup champ since 1974. The depiction of the trophy by Gazzaniga was: ââ¬Å"The lines spring out from the base, ris
Saturday, August 22, 2020
What you can learn from Mark Cubanââ¬â¢s routine
What you can gain from Mark Cubanââ¬â¢s schedule Imprint Cuban is an essentially known person. Perhaps you know him from his internet based life fights with specific presidents, or his courtside showy behavior at Dallas Mavericks games, or his TV appearances as a speculator on Shark Tank. The extremely rich person is a bustling man-yet additionally an effective one, so what would we be able to gain from his day by day schedule? Start early.Just contemplating one is excruciating to a large number of the evening people out there, yet Cuban acknowledges his initial work as one of the key components of his prosperity. Getting up and beginning to work (like browsing messages or messages) may appear to be an extreme beginning, however studies have indicated that numerous individuals are most keen when they first wake up.Come up with a mantra.Positive reasoning can be exceptionally compelling, so think of some close to home mantras that work with your objectives. As indicated by Cuban, ââ¬Å"Work like there is somebody working 24 hours p er day to remove everything from youâ⬠props him up. What spurs you? How might you transform that into a one-liner?Keep up the pace all through the day.Even when thereââ¬â¢s personal time, Cuban continues browsing messages to remain educated. Some vacation is normally key to decompressing, yet on the off chance that you wind up with periods that arenââ¬â¢t so caught up with during the work day, doing brisk browses of email can assist you with staying focused.Donââ¬â¢t stall out in meetings.Cuban feels like most gatherings are a ââ¬Å"waste of time.â⬠For all of us, gatherings are regularly a vital malevolence in the event that we need to complete our work, however you can apply Cubanââ¬â¢s reasoning to your own vocation by assessing whether plunk down gatherings are really important, or on the off chance that you can complete the work another way (like brief eye to eye visits, or a call/email).Make time for individual priorities.As a parent, Cuban ends up with a situation recognizable to many: having proficient commitments pull one way, family commitments another. Itââ¬â¢s a matter of planning the most elevated need family minutes into the day. It is likewise a matter of parity: ââ¬Å"I canââ¬â¢t make every one of their games, yet I make most,â⬠he says.Take time for self care.Cubanââ¬â¢s ball group proprietor, yet in addition an informal player, setting aside a few minutes for b-ball games and different exercises as a major aspect of the day by day wellness schedule. Whatever your wellness or self consideration routine is (yoga, reflection, rec center time, strolling the canine, and so forth.), ensure you cut out some time in your day for it. Pushing excessively working diligently and not having an outlet can prompt significant work stress.Get enough sleep.Speaking of work pressure, not getting enough rest can be a significant donor. Cuban gets six to seven hours every night. The perfect can fluctuate by individual, howev er whatever your enchantment number is for top efficiency and execution during the day, ensure youââ¬â¢re getting that rest as much as you can.We may not all be extremely rich person financial specialists, yet Mark Cubanââ¬â¢s every day schedules give us that with some additional center, booking, and consistency, we can have a go at living like one.
Friday, August 21, 2020
LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
LAW - Essay Example In this manner, Grapes and Vines Winery could have conveyed the wine whenever before May 1, as the agreement didn't restrict their obligation to perform just on May 1. Be that as it may, they decided to do it in the last conceivable day â⬠May 1. The way that the conveyance van was associated with a mishap doesn't establish a target hindrance to playing out the agreement (devastation of the topic of the agreement can't be blamed for this situation), as the winery assuredly had available enough jugs of wine to convey them soon thereafter to Elin. This is a sure actuality, as the jugs were conveyed toward the evening of May 2. Additionally, following the mishap, the organization ought to have called Elin and inquire as to whether she would consent to a conveyance of the containers soon thereafter or possibly on May 2. This would have tackled the issue and maintain a strategic distance from the undesirable circumstance. In this way, the Court should release the agreement because of i ts material change and inability to considerably perform for the benefit of the offended party (Grapes and Vines Winery). For this situation, Elinââ¬â¢s authoritative commitments would be likewise released and her not tolerating the plaintiffââ¬â¢s delicate later than the due date ought not be considered as penetrate of agreement. 2. I accept that for this situation, time isn't of the embodiment of the agreement.
Friday, June 5, 2020
How to Crack Open MCAT Passages
Like any standardized test, the MCAT pressures students by limiting the time available to them. The stress of the ticking clockââ¬âand the fear that they'll simply be unable to finishââ¬âprevent students from achieving the score they deserve. Therefore, in this blog post, Iââ¬â¢ll discuss some strategies to replace other time-consuming and error-prone methods. As a tutor, Iââ¬â¢ve noticed that many students read the entire passage in the physical sciences and biology section. While this may seem like a good idea, reading the entire passage and understanding all of its complexities before attacking the questions just wastes time.* Instead of reading the entire passage in the science sections, use it to orient yourself as to what kinds of questions will be asked. Think of a the MCAT as a library: if you pick a book off a shelf and start reading about ââ¬Å"Victoria,â⬠you'd need to know what section of the library you were in to tell whether the the book refers to the frumpish queen or the African lake. The passage introduction serves the same function. Like an abstract of a scientific paper, the first paragraph of a passage tells what kinds of questions are going to be asked and orients you in a specific field of knowledge. For example, an opening paragraph about rocketry probably leads to questions about kinematics and energy while a discussion of titration will most likely accompany questions about stoichiometry, equilibrium, and acid/base chemistry. Get used to priming your brain with relevant examples using the first paragraph before answering questions The MCAT presents most questions as linked to p assages so many students think they must read the entire passage to answer the accompanying questions. In fact, many of the questions on the MCAT can be answered without any reference to the passage, so for those questions, a test-taker doesnââ¬â¢t need the passage at all. Sometimes, the MCAT will ask about specific pieces of the passage. If it does, just locate that part, jump a few lines above to see what is going on, and then find the needed information. If a passage talks about the 10-step synthesis of a molecule, but a question only asks about step 3 in the synthesis, just read steps 2, 3, and 4, then answer the question Focus on Just the Important Part To summarize: Skim the first Paragraph- Think for a few seconds as to what topics the passage will treat. Does it sound like anything youââ¬â¢ve heard discussed before or make you think about a familiar topic? Then, start answering questions using your own knowledge. If you come to one that requires knowledge you donââ¬â¢t know off the top of your head or asking about a specific part of some experiment, find the answer or the system in the passage and then come back to the question. Refer to the passage often, but know that most of it simply wastes your time. ** This advice applies best to the physical sciences section and the organic chemistry components of the biology section. The anatomy questions often require constant referral back to the passages. Read every word of the Verbal section because careful reading helps understand the main idea of the passage of a whole.
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Rhetorical Analysis Of El Pasos Perimeter Of Poverty
Rhetorical Analysis of El Pasoââ¬â¢s Perimeter of Poverty Article El Pasoââ¬â¢s Perimeter of Poverty In the areas of the colonias, people who live there deal with living in poverty. Think of the ghetto or the inner cities, it is like what the people, who live in the colonias, go through. Others would not think that the colonias suffers like third world countries until the article, El Pasoââ¬â¢s Perimeter of Poverty, written by David Maraniss, speaks of the colonias area in the border of El Paso having no running water and how the government are not helping with funding of any kind. Maraniss gives the description of the problem in a way that causes people to think about what is happening in areas of which they live in and byâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ethos Maraniss proves his credibility by using interviews, statistics, and by being able to publish on The Washington Post, a highly credible website. The interviews given in the article helps the audience believe what the author wrote about, because there is proof that what he is taking abou t is legit and not a fabrication. The statistics show that there is facts, of numbers, given that helps the audience see another belief that the article is not just stating information without facts to back him up. Also, seeing how The Washington Post is a credible site that people can read the truth of the world, gives the author more points of showing his credibility. This is highly effective to the audience, due to them seeing multiple proof of the article not being written by a person not educated in that certain area and not throwing around fabricated paragraphs. Making the audience believe in the article and think deeply about what the author speaks of. Pathos The author uses the aspect of how the childrenââ¬â¢s health deteriorating to have the audience moved through the concept of devastation, making them sway in his argument. He even fuels the audience anger by stating how the government, for years, have not funded the people to help with water, causing the people to get stuck with using contaminated water. Using these points to make the audience feel a certain way after reading the article and want to help with what is going in
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Trends In The Workplace Essay - 1739 Words
Running Head: Assignment 1:Trends in the Workplace Assignment 1:Trends in the Workplace HRM 500 HR Management Foundations January 25, 2014 1 Running Head: Assignment 1:Trends in the Workplace 2 Abstract According to the text, there are a number of key trends in the workplace that have significant influences on organizations. HR professionals play a key role in helping organizations respond to evolving trends, comply with federal and state regulations, and manage workplace flexibility. As an HR professional it is important for you to demonstrate your understanding of the ever changing global environment. Specify the key functional areas of Human Resources Management. Explore the manner in which eachâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Examine three federal equal employment opportunity laws. Suggest the primary manner in which each law influences fair employment practices within the organization where you currently work or an organization for which you have worked in the past. Support your response with specific examples of the chosen organizationââ¬â¢s employment practices. According to the National Archives, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a law that prohibits discrimination against qualified people with disabilities but are able to perform the essential functions of the job (National Archives, 2015). When I used to work at Walà Mart, there were many positions that were available for people who had disabilities such as a greeter, there was an low counter at the for associates in wheelchairs. This law influences that if the person can met the duties of the description than they are the best applicant for the job. A person with a disability or not should always beware whatââ¬â¢s required of the job and what physical impact that it may have on their health. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1958 , amended in to Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits sexà based wage discrimination (National Archives, 2015). I felt this law was made for companyââ¬â¢s who wasnââ¬â¢t trying to pay a woman good wages because they felt a womanââ¬â¢s place was at home. I heard of a situation that I had at theShow MoreRelatedTrends in the Workplace1146 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Trends in the Workplace Trends in the Workplace Assignment 1 HRM-500 Human Resources Management Foundations March 10, 2014 Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a production planning and inventory control system used to manage the manufacturing process. Most MRP systems are software-based. However, it is possible to conduct MRP by hand as well. The intent of a MRP system is to simultaneously meet three objectives; (1) Ensure materials are available for productionRead MoreTrends in Workplace17940 Words à |à 72 PagesTrends in Workplace Learning: Supply and Demand in Interesting Times By Laurie Bassi, Scott Cheney, and Eleesha Lewis The ancient Chinese saying May you live in interesting times has perhaps never been more relevant. As the 1990s draw to a close and the new millennium fast approaches, life is phenomenally interesting--and demanding. Professionals who are responsible for workplace learning and performance improvement are squarely in the center of the swirl of exciting possibilities--and requirements--thatRead MoreSurviving Current Trends Affecting the Workplace700 Words à |à 3 PagesSurviving Current Trends Affecting the Workplace Society plays a huge role in implementing systems that affect our moral beliefs. More and more, we as United States citizens are asked continually to compromise our moral standards and accept the boundaries and rules that are supported by the government. As upcoming leaders of tomorrow, it is an innate duty to serve the public in a righteous manner. According to Colossians 3:17, ââ¬Å"And whatever you do or say, do it as a representative of the Lord JesusRead MoreAssignment 1 Trends in the Workplace Essay675 Words à |à 3 Pagesï » ¿ Predict three (3) human resource functions that are likely to be affected by the implementation of an MRP system.à Propose two (2) ways in which you as a human resource manager can help the organization carry out this change successfully. As material resource planning (MRP) involves the initiation of the automation of planning needs for resources, ordering materials, and scheduling tasks to be completed on the shop floor; it is to be expected that certain functions of human resourcesRead Moreââ¬â¹Within This Assignment On Trends In The Workplace I Will1874 Words à |à 8 Pagesââ¬â¹Within this assignment on Trends In The Workplace I will discuss different issues that we see within the work environment. I will be demonstrating what Iââ¬â¢ve learned over these last few weeks within HRM500 course. Iââ¬â¢ve learned the important key functional areas of Human Resources Management which I will be discussing within my paper. Here are the key points in which I will be discussing within my paper: four federal equal employment opportunity laws, three significant trends affecting organizationsRead MoreUsefulness Of The Future Managers1213 Words à |à 5 Pagescorporate jobs. The workers do not want to get fixed by rigid laws and hierarchical structure. The trend has both risks and benefits. One of the risks is that the startup organizations do not give proper attention to the human resources. Moreover, the startups may violate one or more aspects of the employment law. The book is useful in training prospective future managers and employers since the workplace discrimination scenario is a rapidly changing issue that requires a more intellectual approach.Read MoreEmployee Relations And The Workplace956 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction ââ¬ËEmployee relationsââ¬â¢ is a term used to refer to a study of the rules, regulation, and agreements used to manage workers either as a collective group or as individuals (Leat, 2008, p. 3; Waiganjo Nge the, 2012). Conflict at the workplace is the inevitable issues that stem from interaction between employees and employers. On the other hand, a strike is an industrial action and a collective way in which employees voice their dispute once negotiations do not bear fruits. According toRead MoreBusiness Communication Trends844 Words à |à 4 PagesBUSINESS COMMUNICAYION TRENDS Douglas E. Williams COMM285 February 15, 2010 Bryan Spearman ââ¬Å"Mr. Watson come here I need youâ⬠Alexander G. Bell said during his famous phone call to his assistant. Mr. Bell not only invented the telephone he develop a trend in business communication. Business communication trends change as society changes and some current trends in business communication will be discussed throughout this paper. The trends discussed will answer the following three questionsRead MoreMemersion Reflection Analysis1593 Words à |à 7 Pagescontinue to embrace and put forth in the workplace. For instance, organizations can continue to build a diverse workforce through the hiring of qualified people who come from different cultural backgrounds, by offering ethics and diversity training, practicing equal and fair opportunity, addressing discrimination and harassment acts, and focusing on employee health and wellness, and more. An excellent example of safeguarding equity and diversity in the workplace are initiatives to raise awareness aboutRead Mor eThe Factors That Influence Business Communication872 Words à |à 4 Pagesoffers us new tools to use, but first we must understand them before we can use them. We will explore future communication trends in the workplace, how the trends relate to the four factors that influence business communication, and which trends are likely to affect a Human Resources career. The advancements in technology have always seemed to control the communication trends in todayââ¬â¢s workforce. For instance, the development of technology has brought electronic communication to the forefront with
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Mid day meal free essay sample
STATE The mid-day meal school scheme was first developed in 1995 and meant to be universalised to all elementary schools by an order of the Supreme Court in 2002. In 2006, it was also extended to the upper primary level. The dual purpose of this flagship programme has been to ensure that all children are retained in school and that the problem of malnutrition is also tackled through this supplementary nutrition. Under this scheme the schools are mandated to provide hot cooked and nutritious food and every school should have a kitchen shed and devices for this purpose. Today this predominantly central government scheme is meant to cater to an estimated 106.8 million children daily in 1.21 million schools across the country. At present 75 percent of the scheme is funded by the central government whereas 25 percent of the funds are provided by the state government. As of April 2012, the revised cooking cost provided per child per meal is Rs 3. 11 per child (Rs 2.33 is contributed by central and Rs 0.78 by state government) at the primary level and Rs 4.65 (Rs 3.49 is contributed by central and Rs 1.19 by state government) at the upper primary level. This is clearly insufficient to provide nutritional food to children of any age, as the specified nutritional food is supposed to consist of cereals, vegetables, pulses, oil and fat and other spices. Of these, only the cereals are supplied at nominal rates by the Food Corporation of India. The rest are to be purchased from the market by the staff of the school. In addition to this, every school is meant to be allocated Rs 5000 per school; provisions are made for funding the construction of separate kitchen sheds and purchasing kitchen devices and utensils. This fund is being either underutilised or diverted to corporate non-government organisations which have entered into contracts to provide these meals through centralised kitchens. 22-09-2013 19:15 Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Nutrition and Corporate Capital ââ¬â Archana Pr 2 of 3 http://indiacurrentaffairs.org/mid-day-meal-scheme-nutrition-and-corpo Several surveys have found that in most states except Tamilnadu, more than two thirds of the schools do not have kitchens, toilets or drinking water facilities. This was found with respect to 61 percent of the MCD schools in Delhi where three organisations Ekta Shakti Foundation, Iskcon Food Relief Foundation and Jay Gee Humanitarian Society are in charge of providing mid-day meals. It must be pointed out that Ekta Shakti Foundation is a society setup by AFP Private Limited (a fast-food company),Jay Gee is the arm of Jay Gee Hospitality, a firm which specialises in catering in all types of foods and Iskon has tied up with the real estate giant EMMAR to build centralised kitchens. Similarly with regard to Uttar Pradesh, the auditorââ¬â¢s report concluded in 2008, that more than one third of the schools did not have kitchen sheds and 169 out of the 253 sheds randomly visited by the CAG were non-functional. It is surprising that instead of investing in improving the infrastructure fo r providing hot nutritious food, the UP government preferred to give out contracts to Akshaya Patra and Great Value Foods (owned by Ponty Chaddha). In Bihar about 80,000 schools have no sheds or toilet facilities. In this sense, the argument for centralised kitchens has become a conduit for neglecting the infrastructural maintenance and expansion of the school itself and for disinvesting in rather than strengthening a skeletal school nutrition programme. It has also become a way of subsidising the work of corporate set-up and funded NGOs and expanding the market base of some of the food processing and real estate corporate giants. CORPORATE PENETRATION In this context, it is important to note that the promotion of centralised kitchens and contracts to big private players has become the cornerstone of the implementation of supplementary nutrition and mid-day meal schemes. In official parlance, it has taken the form of public-private partnerships. Oneà of the main feature of this corporatisation is that all big corporate NGOs have industrial partners who provide them part funding and meet their infrastructural costs as a part of their corporate social responsibility. A good example of this is Vedanta in Odisha that has tied up with the Naandi Foundation (whose chairman is Ananda Mahindra) to provide mid-day meals to children in Lanjigarh, an area where they are plundering mineral resources and are locked in a conflict with local tribal organisations. While the government of Odisha pays the cost of the noon meal, Vedanta sets up the high tech centralised kitchens. But this partnership is not limited to Odisha and extends to other mineral rich states where Vedanta has stakes namely Rajasthan and Korba district of Chhattisgarh. Hence social welfare is becoming a method of not only getting financial benefits but also gaining legitimacy for the penury that is caused by the main activities of such companies. Another interesting and telling example is that the influx of big private capital into nutritional schemes has also created monopolistic trends in the production of take home rations and mid-day meals. As the Seventh Report of the Supreme Court appointed Commissioners (November 2012) showed, four companies were supplying take home rations to more than four states. The Akshay Patra and Iskcon Food Relief Fund run the worldââ¬â¢s largest network of centralised kitchenââ¬â¢s in more than 10 states of the country. The Naandi and Ekta Shakti Foundation operate and control largescale supplies of cooked mid-day meals in at least four states and propose to be expanding to others. In this way, the NGOs are attempting to assist food processing and micronutrient companies to secure the potential food market. Its adverse impact on workerââ¬â¢s rights, employment security of scheme workers and school infrastructure has begun to show in different states. MID-DAY MEAL WORKERS The neglect and devaluation of the work of the mid-day meal scheme worker has got accentuated through the public-private partnership model analysed above. The scheme provides Rs 1000 monthly honorarium for a cook cum helper in every school. The cook cum helper is not only meant to ensure that hot hygienic and balanced diet is prepared for children. The government arguesà that this work is a supplementary work and does not require more than 2-3 hours a day. In this sense providing nutritious and good food and maintaining hygienic conditions in the school kitchen is not considered either a skilled or a full time job by the government. Therefore the cooks and helpers are not recognised as ââ¬Ëworkersââ¬â¢ and have no rights. Rather their jobs are largely dependent on the largesse of the school principal who employs them. 22-09-2013 19:15 Mid-Day Meal Scheme, Nutrition and Corporate Capital ââ¬â Archana Pr 3 of 3 http://indiacurrentaffairs.org/mid-day-meal-scheme-nutrition-and-corpo At present there are about 27 lakh mid-day meal scheme workers who work in these programmes, largely women who belong to the socially deprived groups and backward classes. These women work 5 to 6 hours a day and are also made to perform menial tasks that are not part of their job. As A R Sindhu, the convenor of the All India Coordination Committee of Mid-day Meal Workers explains, most women do not get their whole wages and are paid Rs 100-600 per month. Even this payment is intermittent and in almost all states, the workers have not got their salaries for 7-8 months at a time. Only in Tamilnadu was the payment regular. Given this status of payment and work, an evaluation report of the Planning Commission found that since the wages paid to the mid-day meal scheme workers are so low as 40-50 paise per child, there is a shortage of cooks in schools. The average number of cooks per school in the country is 0.40. But instead of increasing, this ratio is likely to decrease as more and more centralised kitchens come into operation. Experience has shown that the involvement of local communities and families is essential in order to ensure proper implementation and positive impact on the health of the children. Realising this, the Supreme Court directed state governments to implement all nutritional programmes through local self help groups and womenââ¬â¢s groups in 2004. But this hasà hardly been implemented by any state and rather, has been flouted by most states as shown in the Supreme Court appointed Commissioners Seventh Report of November 2012. That the Court was intuitively correct in its direction has been shown by the experience of states like Kerala where the panchayat implements the programme and the parent teacher bodies monitor the quality of the food. The coverage of the programme is close to 95 percent. In many schools it has been demonstrated how localised kitchens run by womenââ¬â¢s groups are effective in running schemes like the mid-day meal programme and the ICDS programme. In each of these cases, the success of the scheme has depended on the training and empowerment of the worker who are mostly women. These models give the way forward and show that decentralised models can only succeed if there is a political will and system to delegate power and responsibility to school level parent monitored committees, neighbourhood level committees and local self governments. This should be accompanied by social audits and regular monitoring involving womenââ¬â¢s groups, trade unions and other democratic groups. These examples demonstrate that ignoring the mid-day meal worker will only lead to the further corporatisation and decimation of the school nutrition programme. Hence the struggle for the scheme workers rights is linked with and central to the need to press for publicly supported decentralised alternatives in implementation of nutrition schemes. These two facets of struggle need to be intensified and combined in order to fight corporatisation of publicly funded nutrition programmes.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)